发布时间：2024-08-21 17:50:16 人气：
total光伏逆变器
Five, the power station builds what be got economy , environmental protection and social benefits 1. Big Tang Wu Wei solar energy science and technology demonstrates the power station is our country the first seats maximum's desertification and catch with a net up vanquish a power station. 0.5 MW establishes one phase of project on December 19 , 2008 being put into operation. 592,000 thousand watt-hours of power station accumulated electric power generation on January 2 , 2010 aborting, the average solar energy makes use of hour number to be 4 hours of/ sky. Every degree electricity consumes 350 grams of coal according to fire electricity coal consumption (standard coal) , save standard coal about 210 ton in 2009 , cut down (dust catcher efficiency takes 99%) smoke and dust in air discharging amounts about 23 ton, sulphur dioxide emission about 18 ton (the complete sulfur component of coal takes 0.7% , not having desulfurate), nitrogen dioxide discharges amounts about 19 ton , the carbon monoxide discharges amounts about 0.1 ton , carbon dioxide emission about 930 ton. The power station establishing puts blank space into production in commission , the inkstone vanquishing electric power generation heavy section and the net contravariant implement and tracking system for our country has filled in up sends out, have shortened the gap with advanced world level. (1) Wu Wei City barren desert MW level and net have glorified establishing vanquishing a power station , have accomplished the country March 1986 Program project mission; 2 power stations establishing not only the volt power station has accumulated precious experience for our country builds the barren desert and the net up , but also the volt power station gets up for our country builds the barren desert and the net up has arrived at the very good demonstration effect. Big Tang Wu Wei solar power stations already have received stoppage at present, coming from the unit all parts of the country even including abroad medium , the group , expert , brightness vanquish the special field personage , the public of society and school students total more than 1,600 by turnstile count, situation having extended , propagating brightness very good to vanquish development of estate, the brightness having popularized vanquishes the knowledge generating electricity , is Gansu Province , is that force is to have won honour. Only, 3 large-scale construction barren deserts vanquish and cover a power station as with a net conduct provides the sources of energy clean , but regenerating, and can make use of barren desert Gobi Desert effectively not only, be play moving local economy having made active contribution out; 4, the land building large-scale glossy barren desert volt and net power station being able to cut down land moisture content evaporation , boosting vegetation formation , improvement desertification, brings up the spot touring to go sightseeing. The important Tang Gansu Province company "provides clean electric power in accordance with , the purpose lightening fine life ", depends on the conglomerate , the local government tightly , look on development of clean energy as one of company urgent business , ascertain that science develops a Taoist temple all round , seize new history opportunity , ascertain responsibility all round, plan to work energetically and drive development of clean energy, strength opening up brightness commonly vanquishing estate , being that country green sources of energy develops contribution with society all sections of the people.
太阳能的作用:
您好，现在的太阳能的应该用在
(一)太阳能集热器
太阳能热水器装置通常包括太阳能集热器、储水箱、管道及抽水泵其他部件。另外在冬天需要热交换器和膨胀槽以及发电装置以备电厂不能供电之需 。太阳能集热器(solar collector)在太阳能热系统中,接受太阳辐射并向传热工质传递热量的装置。按传热工质可分为液体集热器和空气集热器.按采光方式可分为聚光型和聚光型集热器两种。另外还有一种真空集热器 一个好的太阳能集热器应该能用20-30年。自从大约1980年以来所制作的集热器更应维持40-50年且很少进行维修。
(二)太阳能热水系统
早期最广泛的太阳能应用即用于将水加热，现今全世界已有数百万太阳能热水装置。太阳能热水系统主要元件包括收集器、储存装置及循环管路三部分。此外，可能还有辅助的能源装置（如电热器等）以供应无日照时使用，另外尚可能有强制循环用的水，以控制水位或控制电动部份或温度的装置以及接到负载的管路等。依循环方式太阳能热水系统可分两种： （a）自然循环式 此种型式的储存箱置于收集器上方。水在收集器中接受太阳幅射的加热，温度上升，造成收集器及储水箱中水温不同而产生密度差，因此引起浮力，此一热虹吸现像（thermosiphon），促使水在除水箱及收集器中自然流动。由与密度差的关系，水流量于收集器的太阳能吸收量成正比。此种型式因不需循环水，维护甚为简单，故已被广泛采用。 （b）强制循环式 热水系统用水使水在收集器与储水箱之间循环。当收集器顶端水温高于储水箱底部水温若干度时，控制装置将启动水使水流动。水入口处设有止回阀（check valve）以防止夜间水由收集器逆流，引起热损失。由此种型式的热水系统的流量可得知（因来自水的流量可知），容易预测性能，亦可推算于若干时间内的加热水量。如在同样设计条件下，其较自然循环方式具有可以获得较高水温的长处；，但因其必须利用水，故有水电力、维护（如漏水等）以及控制装置时动时停，容易损坏水等问题存在。因此，除大型热水系统或需要较高水温的情形，才选择强制循环式，一般大多用自然循环式热水器。
(三)、暖房
太阳能暖房系统（space－heateng）利用太阳能作房间冬天暖房之用，在许多寒冷地区已使用多年。因寒带地区冬季气温甚低，室内必须有暖气设备，若欲节省大量化石能源的消耗，设法应用太阳幅射热。大多数太阳能暖房使用热水系统，亦有使用热空气系统。太阳能暖房系统是由太阳能收集器、热储存装置、辅助能源系统，及室内暖房风扇系统所组成，其过程乃太阳辐射热传导，经收集器内的工作流体将热能储存，在供热至房间。至辅助热源则可装置在储热装置内、直接装设在房间内或装设于储存装置及房间之间等不同设计。当然亦可不用储热双置而直接将热能用到暖房的直接式暖房设计，或者将太阳能直接用于热电或光电方式发电，在加热房间，或透过冷暖房的热（heat pump）装置方式供作暖房使用。最常用的暖房系统为太阳能热水装置，其将热水通至储热装置之中（固体、液体或相变化的储热系统），然后利用风扇将室内或室外空气驱动至此储热装置中吸热，在把此热空气传送至室内；或利用另一种液体流至储热装置中吸热，当热流体流至室内，在利用风扇吹送被加热空气至室内，而达到暖房效果。
太 阳 能 电 池 的 开 发
太阳能电池是一种有效地稀收太阳能辐射并使之转化为电能的半导体电子器件.下面介绍北京太阳能光电研究中心对太阳能电池的研究情况.晶体硅高效太阳电池和多晶硅薄膜太阳电池的研究开发以及研究成果向产业化转化。
1.高效晶体硅太阳电池 光电中心高效晶体硅太阳电池研究开发项目有钝化发射区太阳电池（PESC）、埋栅太阳电池（BCSC）及多晶硅太阳电池。●钝化发射区太阳电池（PESC）光电中心研究钝化发射区太阳电池（PESC）的基本目的是探索影响电池效率的各种机制，为降低太阳电池成本提供理论和工艺依据，推动太阳电池理论的发展。实验中采用的材料为区熔（FZ）、p-型（掺硼）〔100〕单晶硅，电阻率ρ＝0．2～1．2Ωcm，厚度t＝280－350μm，双面抛光。电池工艺包括正面倒金字塔织构化、前后表面钝化、制备选择性发射区、减反射表面、背场、前后金属接触等。目前电池达到的水平见表1。
表1 PESC电池的性能（测试条件AM1.5，25℃）
Voc(mV) Jsc(mA/cm2) FF η(%) A(cm2) 测试单位
656.1 37.4 0.806 19.79 4.04 北京市太阳能研究所
* VOC 开路电压，JSC 短路电流密度，FF 填充因子，η 转换效率，A 太阳电池面积（下同）
●埋栅太阳电池（BCSC）埋栅电池的制作工艺省去了复杂的多次光刻和蒸发电极步骤，减少了高温氧化次数，使整个电池制作工艺大大简化；埋栅不仅减小了电极阴影面积，还可减小欧姆接触电阻，是一种可实现产业化的高效电池技术。实验中使用的材料分别为：①区熔（FZ）、p-型（掺硼）〔100〕单晶硅，厚度t＝300－400μm；②直拉（CZ）、p-型（掺硼）〔100〕单晶硅，厚度t＝300—400μm；③太阳级（复拉）、p-型p〔100〕单晶硅，厚度t＝300—400μm。电池的工艺包括表面织构化、钝化，制备选择性发射区、减反射表面、背表面场和金属化等。目前电池所达到的水平见表2。
表2 不同材料的BCSC电池的性能（测试条件：AM1.5，25℃）
材料(刻槽) Voc(mV) Jsc(mA/cm2) FF(%) η(%) A(cm2) ρ(Ω.cm) 测试单位
FZ(激光) 663.8 35.6 80.58 18.6 25 0.2 A
FZ(机械) 621.9 37.0 80.02 18.47 4 0.5 B
CZ(激光) 622.9 35.2 79.27 17.22 25 0.8 B
太阳级 (激光) 624.1 35.4 75.44 16.59 25 0.4 B
* A：美国国家可再生能源实验室，
B：北京市太阳能研究所
●多晶硅太阳电池 在PESC电池和BCSC电池的基础上，光电中心开展了多晶硅太阳电池的研究，以适应我国未来多晶硅太阳电池发展的需要。实验中使用的材料为Bayer公司p-型多晶硅片，厚340μm，电池制作工艺过程包括吸杂、制备p-n结、钝化、形成背场和金属化等。实验制备的最好电池的特性见表3。 表3 PESC电池的性能（测试条件：AM1．5，25℃）
Voc(mV) Jsc(mA/cm2) FF η(%) A(cm2) 测试单位
595.0 34.23 0.7129 14.53 1.0 北京市太阳能研究所
581.0 29.92 0.6787 11.8 10×10 (与北京有色金属研究总院合作项目)
2.多晶硅薄膜太阳电池
多晶硅薄膜太阳电池既具有体材料晶体硅电池性能稳定、工艺成熟和高效的优点，又有大幅度减少材料用量从而大幅度降低成本的潜力，因而成为目前光伏界的研究热点。光电中心采用快速热化学气相沉积（RTCVD）、等离子增强化学气相沉积（PECVD）和a-Si／μc-Si迭层电池等不同工艺对多晶硅薄膜太阳电池进行了研究。RTCVD多晶硅薄膜以SiH2Cl2或SiCl4为原料气体在石英管反应室内沉积而成。研究工作初期，以重掺杂非活性硅为衬底，电池性能列于表4。图1 RTCVD多晶硅薄膜太阳电池的结构 PECVD多晶硅薄膜太阳电池的结构为：（Al／Ag）／ITO／p-a-Si：H／n-a-Si：H／n-poly-Si／n＋＋非活性Si衬底（0.005Ωcm）／Ti-Pd-Ag。其中n型Poly-Si薄膜（～10μm）采用快速PECVD和固相晶化法制备。电池的性能列于表4。a-Si／μc-Si迭层电池（与中国科学院半导体研究所合作）结构为：玻璃／SnO2膜／p-i-n a-Si：H电池炖p-i-n μc-Si：H电池炖Al。电池的性能列于表4。
表4 多晶硅薄膜太阳电池的性能（测试条件：AM1.5，25℃）
Voc(mV) Jsc(mA/cm2) FF η(%) A(cm2) 电池工艺
625.64 26.3 0.7357 12.11 1.0 RTCVD
455.0 21.18 0.6474 6.15 1.0 PECVD
1160 11.4 0.6740 8.91 0.126 RECVD(a-Si/pc-si)
3.太阳电池性能测试 中心已建立太阳电池和材料测试实验室，购置了必要设备。这些设备包括I-V测试系统，光谱响应测试系统，C-V测试系统，原子力显微镜，膜厚测试系统，保证了研究开发工作的需要。
太 阳 能 热 利 用 技 术
1. 新型高效太阳能集热器 开发和利用丰富、广阔的太阳能，对环境不产生和很少产生污染，既是近期急需的补充能源，又是未来能源结构的基础。国际上，太阳能的使用技术已进入新的发展阶段。在太阳能热利用系统中，重要的一个技术关键是如何高效率地收集太阳光并将其转变为热能。国内平板型太阳能集热器和全玻璃真空管太阳能热水器已形成产业，近20年来产量逐年增长，年产量达80多万平方米。近几年，我国又研制成具有国际先进水平的热管式真空管热水器，具有良好的应用前景。然而，我国太阳能热利用多限于低温范围，“九五”期间应扩大到中温和高温范围。这就要研究开发新型高效太阳能集热器。
2. 目标 研究、开发、应用新型高效太阳能集热器，为逐步扩大热利用的温度范围打下技术基础。研究开发四种新型高效集热器，并应用于太阳能空调及太阳能工业热水及发电系统等。
3.内容 ①直通式真空管集热器 ②同心套管式真空管集热器 ③储热式真空管集热器 ④聚光式真空管集热器
1.太阳能热利用系统研究及示范工程 热利用在太阳能利用技术中占有重要位置，是综合项目。但是，以往所取得的成绩是太阳能低温热水系统，而太阳能中、高温供热系统的研究是与工厂供热系统结合的大型太阳能利用工程，其中太阳能热发电是人类大规模利用太阳能的重要途径，是太阳能热利用的一个重要发展方向。事实上，只有与工业企业结合，太阳能的利用才能有更高的经济效益，更充分发挥出太阳能利用的优势，体现未来能源的意义。2.目标 建立两个太阳能工业用热的示范工程, 功率为200千瓦，工作温度为150一200度。 建立太阳能热发电中试电站。 通过以上两项研究和示范，拓宽我国太阳能热利用的领域。3．内容 ①太阳能工业用热系统的研究及示范工程 功率： 200千瓦 工作温度： 150一200℃ ②太阳能空调系统研究及示范工程 制冷能力： 200千瓦 ③太阳能热发电示范装置
太 阳 能 光 伏 技 术
（一）高效率低成本太阳电池研究与发展
1．背景 太阳能等新能源为世界2000年经济展望中最具决定性影响的五大技术领域之一，而太阳能光伏发电又是其中最受瞩目的项目之一。1994年，世界太阳能电池销售量已达64兆瓦，呈现飞速发展势态。我国太阳能电池销售已超过1．2兆瓦。累计用量约5兆瓦，其应用范围亦在不断扩大。近年来，市场销售量以20％的速度在递增，预计到2000年，我国太阳电池年用量将超过10兆瓦。目前晶体硅太阳电池组件已出现供不应求的短缺局面。为满足日益增长的市场需求，除已有企业要发挥现有生产潜力之外，还要积极研制开发多种高效、低成本的光伏电池，扩大我国太阳电池产业规模，提高技术经济效益。2．目标 提高效率，降低成本，扩大规模，推动我国光伏产业发展发展高效率、低成本多晶硅太阳电池技术，攻关与引进相结合，建立一条年生产能力为兆瓦级的生产线。提高单晶硅太阳电池组件的效率，降低生产成本，发挥现有生产能力，满足市场需求。 3．内容①兆瓦级多晶硅太阳电池组件生产线的建立主要技术经济指标： 组件效率13％ 组件寿命20～25年②单晶硅太阳电池组件生产线的技术改造主要技术经济指标： 组件效率14～15％ 组件寿命20～25年③高效率、低成本新型太阳电池的开发。
(二).太阳电池应用枝木研究及示范
1．背景 我国太阳电池应用领域在不断扩大，已涉及农业、牧业、林业、交通运输、通讯、气象、石油管道、文化教育及家庭电源等诸多方面，光伏发电在解决偏僻边远无电地区供电及许多殊场合用电上已起到引人注目的作用。但从总体的应用技术水平和规模上看，与工业发达国家相比仅有很大的差距，主要问题是光伏系统造价偏高、系统配套工程装备没有产业化、应用示范不够和公众对太阳电池应用的巨大潜力缺乏了解以及系统应用仅限于独立运行，还没有并网运行和与建筑业结合。因此，有必要加强太阳电池应用技术研究和示范，推进产业化，拓宽应用领域和市场。
2．目标 通过本项目执行，实现如下目标：小型光电源产业化 100千瓦容量以下的独立运行光伏电站系列化、规范化、商品化研究井网光伏发电技术，为大规模应用做好前期准备
3．内容 ①小功率光伏电源产业化 功率范围：千瓦级、百瓦级 产业规模：总容量大于1兆瓦 系统造价：比“八五”平均价格降低30％以上②独立运行光伏电站系列化、规范化、商品化。功率范围： 10千瓦～100千瓦 系统造价：比“八五”平均价格降低30％以上。③并网光伏发电技术研究和示范。兆瓦级并网光伏电站的前期研究 10千瓦并网光伏示范电站 100千瓦并网光伏电站用逆变器研制” 光伏电站运行及与电力系统相关技术研究。④高扬程光电水泵的研制 主要技术指标：扬程50～100米 太阳电池功率5千瓦～10千瓦。
这些是太阳能的作用,太阳能指的就是太阳能源,不包括阳光的其他作用.
光伏逆变器原理英文翻译
离网式光伏发电系统与并网式光伏发电系统的工作原理十分相似，唯一不同的是离网系统输出的电力被直接消耗使用而不传送到公共电网中太阳能发电分光热发电和光伏发电.不论产销量.发展速度和发展前景.光热发电都赶不上光伏发电.可能因光伏发电普及较广而接触光热发电较少.通常民间所说的太阳能发电往往指的就是太阳能光伏发电.简称光电.光伏发电是根据光生伏打效应原理.利用太阳电池将太阳光能直接转化为电能.不论是独立使用还是并网发电.光伏发电系统主要由太阳电池板(组件).控制器和逆变器三大部分组成.它们主要由电子元器件构成.不涉及机械部件.所以.光伏发电设备极为精炼.可靠稳定寿命长.安装维护简便.理论上讲.光伏发电技术可以用于任何需要电源的场合.上至航天器.下至家用电源.大到兆瓦级电站.小到玩具.光伏电源可以无处不在.目前.光伏发电产品主要用于三大方面:一是为无电场合提供电源.主要为广大无电地区居民生活生产提供电力.还有微波中继电源等.另外.还包括一些移动电源和备用电源,二是太阳能日用电子产品.如各类太阳能充电器.太阳能路灯和太阳能草地厂各种灯具等,三是并网发电.这在发达国家己经大面积推广实施.我国并网发电还未起步.不过.2008年北京[绿色奥运"部分用电将会由太阳能发电和风力发电提供.
太阳能光伏发电的最基本元件是太阳电池(片).有单晶硅.多晶硅.非晶硅和薄膜电池等.目前.单晶和多晶电池用量最大.非晶电池用于一些小系统和计算器辅助电源等.国产晶体硅电池效率在10-13%左右.国外同类产品效率约12-14%.由一个或多个太阳电池片组成的太阳能电池板称为光伏组件.2002年全球太阳电池和光伏组件产量约600MW.其中日本占45%.美国25%.欧洲约22%.日本是光伏产业发展最快的因家.在不到10年的时间里超过了美国.2001年世界10大太阳电池生产厂.日本就有4家.分别是夏普.京都陶瓷.三洋和三菱.欧美发达国家大都制订了[阳光计划".并采取措施鼓励居民安装太阳能发电系统.比如部分赠款.无息贷款和[种子基金"等.并以高出普通电价几倍的价格购买居民家中多余的太阳能电量.
我国太阳能光伏发电产业近几年发展较快.但总体规模较小.2002年太阳电池产量约SMW.累计装机容量达25MW.不到世界的1%.为配合西部大开发.我国政府实施了[阳光计划".[乘风计划"和[光明工程"等.利用太阳能发电和风力发电为解决西部广大无电地区农牧民生活生产用电.这一工程配套资金20多亿人民币.我国光伏发电产品的市场主要在西部.另有部分产品出日.如组件.小系统和日用太阳能电子产品等.由于国内太阳能电池晶片产量远远不能满足需求.许多厂家进日大量电池片封装组件.在光伏产业方面.深圳占有部分江山.产品加工能力.产品质量和销量在国内外都有一定的影响.政府应加大扶持力度.使之扩大规模发展成为产业群.进而成为深圳的一个经济增长点.
太阳能光伏发电产业增长迅速.不仅因为它是具有许多优点的清洁能源.一个更诱人的动因是.在太阳能与建筑一体化的过程中.太阳电池组件比太阳能热水器与建筑更有亲合力.太阳电池组件不仅可以作为能源设备.还可作为屋面和墙面材料.既供电节能.又节省了建材.国外己有非常好的案例.因此.太阳能光伏发电技术与建筑结合方面.将具有良好的经济效益.前途无限.
(From the nets of photovoltaic power systems and grid type (pv) power system is very similar to the working principle, the only difference is the output power from the nets (systems are used directly to the public without powerSolar spectral heat generation and photovoltaic energy. No matter. The speed of development and the development prospects are missed. Solar-thermal power generation by photovoltaic (pv) power universal. May contact solar-thermal power wider. Usually folk say less often refers to the solar power generation is solar photovoltaic (pv) power. Referred. According to the pv solar battery using principle. The sun light directly into electricity grid. Both independent use or electricity. (pv) power system mainly consists of solar panels (component) controller and inverter. They are mainly composed of three by electronic components. Don't involve mechanical components. So. (pv) power equipment extremely refined. Reliable and stable life long. Installation and maintenance easy. Theory. (pv) power technology can be used for any need to power on the occasion to spacecraft... To household power stations to level. Small toys. Pv power can be everywhere. Now. (pv) power product is mainly used in three aspects: one is to provide electricity for the main power. Residents living without electricity supply power production and power of microwave reliever. Etc. In addition, also include some mobile power and standby power, solar daily electronic products such as all kinds of solar charger. And the solar energy lawn. Solar street lamps factory all sorts of lamps and lanterns, etc. It is implied in the developed countries has widespread implementation in grid generation yet......... But the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games "[green electricity will be part of solar and wind power.
Solar pv power is the most basic elements of solar cells (film) have monocrystalline silicon polysilicon... And the film batteries. Monocrystalline or polycrystalline battery dosage of amorphous batteries used. A small system and computer aided power etc. Domestic crystal silicon efficiency in 10-13. The same products abroad efficiency about 12-14) by one or more solar -products composed of solar panels called pv. 2002, global solar cell and pv yield about 45% of 600 mw) in Japan, America, Europe, about 25% per photovoltaic industry development in Japan is the fastest for home. In less than 10 years than in the United States. 2001 world 10 big solar cells have 4. Japan's Kyoto were sharp.......... And mitsubishi sanyo Europe developed countries are developed [sunshine plan "and take measures to encourage the residents solar power system installation. For instance partial grants. An interest-free loan and [seed fund", etc. And the price several times higher than normal price of solar power people redundant.
Our solar photovoltaic power industry in recent years. But the overall size of the rapid development of small solar cell production. 2002 total installed capacity, about SMW method of less than 1% of the world 25MW) to coordinate the western development. Our government implemented the "[[her plan" and "light engineering [etc. Use solar and wind power for solving the nomadic areas in western life without electricity production of electricity. This project matching funds more than 20 million yuan. Our pv power products market mainly in the west. Otherwise, such as a part of the product components. Small system. And the daily solar electronic products, etc. To the domestic solar wafer yield far cannot satisfy the requirement of many manufacturers into day. -products packaging components. In photovoltaic industry occupies part. Shenzhen. Products processing ability. Product quality and sales at home and abroad, has certain influence on government should strengthen the support strength. The scale development. Make and become shenzhen become industry group. An economic growth.
Solar photovoltaic power industry growth. Not only because it has many advantages are the clean energy. A more attractive in solar energy and motivation is. In the process of building integrated solar cell module. More than the solar water heater with building are affinity. Solar cell module can not only as energy equipment. Can also be used as a roof and wall materials and energy supply. Both saving building. Have very good. Foreign cases. Therefore solar power generation technology. Combined with building. Will has good economic benefit. Future infinite.)
求助翻译-光伏电站1（直译的不要）
大唐甘肃发电有限公司武威太阳能
科技示范电站材料
大唐甘肃发电有限公司（规范简称为大唐甘肃公司）组建成立于2004年6月9日, 是中国大唐集团公司成立的第一个区域性全资子公司。公司注册资金14.7亿元。截止2009年底，公司资产总额达200亿元；在职职工6000多人；在役机组装机容量达到了430万千瓦；拥有直属、全资、控股、参股企业24家，分布在甘肃和青海10个州市，涉及发电供热、项目开发建设、电站服务运营、上下游产业等领域。企业具有火电、水电、风电、太阳能发电等优良电源结构，拥有强大电站服务产业群，已经形成以安全优化、绿色清洁、务实和谐、同心发展为显著特色的大型区域发电公司。
一、电站位置
大唐甘肃发电有限公司武威太阳能科技示范电站（简称大唐武威太阳能电站）是大唐甘肃发电优评先公司的全资子企业。电站位于腾格里沙漠南边缘（东经102°52′；北纬37°53′；海拔1,537m），坐落在甘肃武威市城东科技示范园区内，是国家“十一五”863计划科技示范项目，电站由大唐甘肃发电有限公司出资建设，合作单位有武威市人民政府、国家863计划攻关联合体。一期静态总投资约3889.61万元，动态总投资约4054.82万元，其中包括科技部国家科技攻关项目经费支持1245.8万元。
二、电站地区太阳能资源
甘肃省年日照时数在1700～3300小时之间，自西北向东南逐渐减少。年日照时数最多的地区是河西走廊西部，在3200小时以上。武威地区年光照充足，太阳能资源丰富。是国内发展太阳能资源的非常适宜的地区。当地经度：东经102.87 度；纬度：北纬 37.88度；海拔：1537米；年日照时数 2200～3030h；太阳总辐射为6160 MJ/m2a（纬度相近的西安仅为3805.8MJ/ m2a，北京为4672.5MJ/ m2a；电站全年可利用辐射小时数为1875小时，计算0.5MW太阳电池的年发电量为750 MWh。
三、电站系统组成
大唐武威太阳能科技示范电站占地面积约45亩，目前运行容量为0.5兆瓦，发电系统分为三种：3个100千瓦固定支架发电系统；1个100千瓦单轴跟踪发电系统；1个100千瓦双轴跟踪发电系统。3个100千瓦固定支架发电系统配备2台100千瓦、250千瓦并网逆变器。单轴和双轴发电系统各配1台100千瓦逆变器。所有逆变器的输出并联在一起，统一通过一台630千伏安的变压器并入10千伏电网。共采用单晶硅太阳能电池板2944块。
Datang Gansu Power Generation Co., Ltd Solar Wuwei
Materials science and technology demonstration power plant
Datang Gansu Power Generation Co., Ltd. (Datang Gansu specification referred to as Company) founded on June 9, 2004, China Datang Corporation, the first regional set up a wholly owned subsidiary. Companies registered capital of 1.47 billion yuan. Close by the end of 2009, total assets of 200 billion; serving more than 6,000 employees; in-service generating capacity reached 4.3 million kilowatts; have owned, wholly-owned, holding, share 24 enterprises located in 10 states in Gansu and Qinghai City, involving heat generation, project development and construction, power plant services operations, upstream and downstream industries and other fields. Enterprises have thermal power, hydropower, wind power, solar power and other fine power structure, power plant service industry has a strong group has been formed to optimize the safety, green clean, pragmatic and harmonious, concerted development of the salient characteristic of a large regional power company.
1, station location
Wuwei in Gansu Datang Power Generation Co., Ltd Solar Technology Demonstration Power Plant (the great Tang Wuwei solar power station) is excellent assessment Datang Gansu Power Generation's first wholly-owned subsidiary enterprises. Power Station located in southern edge of Tengger Desert (east longitude 102 ° 52 '; latitude 37 ° 53'; elevation 1,537 m), located east of Wuwei City, Gansu Science and Technology Demonstration Park, is the national "Eleventh Five-Year" technology demonstration projects 863 , Datang Gansu Power Generation Co., Ltd. invested by the building, cooperation unit Wuwei Municipal People's Government, the National 863 Program research consortium. A total investment of 38.8961 million yuan of static and dynamic total investment of about 40.5482 million yuan, including the Ministry of Science and financial support for national science and technology research projects 12.458 million yuan.
Second, the solar energy resources, power station
Gansu Province sunshine hours between 3300 hours in 1700, decreasing from northwest to southeast. Annual sunshine hours is the most western Hexi Corridor region, at 3200 hours. In Wuwei region sufficient sunlight, abundant solar energy resources. Is the development of solar energy resources is very appropriate areas. Local Longitude: 102.87 degrees east longitude; latitude: 37.88 degrees north latitude; altitude: 1537 m; annual sunshine hours 2200 ~ 3030h; global solar radiation for the 6160 MJ/m2 a (latitude similar Xi'an only 3805.8MJ / m2 a, Beijing is 4672.5MJ / m2 a; station radiation throughout the year the number of hours available for the 1875 hours, the annual calculation 0.5MW solar power generation capacity of 750 MWh.
Third, power system components
Great Tang Wuwei area of solar energy technology demonstration power plant about 45 acres, is currently running a capacity of 0.5 megawatts, power system is divided into three types: three 100-kilowatt power generation system fixation; a 100 kW single-axis tracking power system; 1 100 kW power generation system axis tracking. Three 100-kilowatt power generation system fixation with 2 sets of 100 kW, 250 kW grid-connected inverter. Uniaxial and biaxial power generation system with a 100-kilowatt inverter units. All parallel with the output of inverter, unified by a 630 KVA transformer into the 10 kV power network. Monocrystalline silicon solar panels were used in 2944.
Asked by: mail2amy820
与逆变器相关的英文文章
Inverter may refer to
Inverter (electrical), a device that converts direct current to alternating current
Inverter (air conditioning), an air conditioner that can continuously regulate its output by altering the compressor speed in response to cooling demand
Uninterruptible power supply, which often are based on an electrical inverter
Inverter (logic gate), a logic gate also called a NOT gate
Inverter (electrical)
An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC); the converted AC can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use of appropriate transformers, switching, and control circuits.
Static inverters have no moving parts and are used in a wide range of applications, from small switching power supplies in computers, to large electric utility high-voltage direct current applications that transport bulk power. Inverters are commonly used to supply AC power from DC sources such as solar panels or batteries.
The electrical inverter is a high-power electronic oscillator. It is so named because early mechanical AC to DC converters were made to work in reverse, and thus were "inverted", to convert DC to AC.
The inverter performs the opposite function of a rectifier.
Applications
DC power source utilization
An inverter converts the DC electricity from sources such as batteries, solar panels, or fuel cells to AC electricity. The electricity can be at any required voltage; in particular it can operate AC equipment designed for mains operation, or rectified to produce DC at any desired voltage.
Grid tie inverters can feed energy back into the distribution network because they produce alternating current with the same wave shape and frequency as supplied by the distribution system. They can also switch off automatically in the event of a blackout.
Micro-inverters convert direct current from individual solar panels into alternating current for the electric grid.
Uninterruptible power supplies
An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) uses batteries and an inverter to supply AC power when main power is not available. When main power is restored, a rectifier is used to supply DC power to recharge the batteries.
Induction heating
Inverters convert low frequency main AC power to a higher frequency for use in induction heating. To do this, AC power is first rectified to provide DC power. The inverter then changes the DC power to high frequency AC power.
[edit] HVDC power transmission
With HVDC power transmission, AC power is rectified and high voltage DC power is transmitted to another location. At the receiving location, an inverter in a static inverter plant converts the power back to AC.
[edit] Variable-frequency drives
Main article: variable-frequency drive
A variable-frequency drive controls the operating speed of an AC motor by controlling the frequency and voltage of the power supplied to the motor. An inverter provides the controlled power. In most cases, the variable-frequency drive includes a rectifier so that DC power for the inverter can be provided from main AC power. Since an inverter is the key component, variable-frequency drives are sometimes called inverter drives or just inverters.
[edit] Electric vehicle drives
Adjustable speed motor control inverters are currently used to power the traction motors in some electric and diesel-electric rail vehicles as well as some battery electric vehicles and hybrid electric highway vehicles such as the Toyota Prius. Various improvements in inverter technology are being developed specifically for electric vehicle applications.[2] In vehicles with regenerative braking, the inverter also takes power from the motor (now acting as a generator) and stores it in the batteries.
[edit] Air conditioning
Main article: Inverter (air conditioning)
An air conditioner bearing the inverter tag uses a variable-frequency drive to control the speed of the motor and thus the compressor.
[edit] The general case
A transformer allows AC power to be converted to any desired voltage, but at the same frequency. Inverters, plus rectifiers for DC, can be designed to convert from any voltage, AC or DC, to any other voltage, also AC or DC, at any desired frequency. The output power can never exceed the input power, but efficiencies can be high, with a small proportion of the power dissipated as waste heat.
Warnings
Some low power inverters have a warning not to use conventional fluorescent lighting. This is due to the power correction capacitor connected in parallel with the lamp. Removing the capacitor will fix the problem. What may not be known is that in dual lamp fittings the capacitor may be connected in series with the second lamp, thus removing the problem as well as the stroboscopic effect caused by the mains frequency.
Basic designs
In one simple inverter circuit, DC power is connected to a transformer through the centre tap of the primary winding. A switch is rapidly switched back and forth to allow current to flow back to the DC source following two alternate paths through one end of the primary winding and then the other. The alternation of the direction of current in the primary winding of the transformer produces alternating current (AC) in the secondary circuit.
The electromechanical version of the switching device includes two stationary contacts and a spring supported moving contact. The spring holds the movable contact against one of the stationary contacts and an electromagnet pulls the movable contact to the opposite stationary contact. The current in the electromagnet is interrupted by the action of the switch so that the switch continually switches rapidly back and forth. This type of electromechanical inverter switch, called a vibrator or buzzer, was once used in vacuum tube automobile radios. A similar mechanism has been used in door bells, buzzers and tattoo guns.
As they became available with adequate power ratings, transistors and various other types of semiconductor switches have been incorporated into inverter circuit designs.
[edit] Output waveforms
The switch in the simple inverter described above, when not coupled to an output transformer, produces a square voltage waveform due to its simple off and on nature as opposed to the sinusoidal waveform that is the usual waveform of an AC power supply. Using Fourier analysis, periodic waveforms are represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine waves. The sine wave that has the same frequency as the original waveform is called the fundamental component. The other sine waves, called harmonics, that are included in the series have frequencies that are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency.
The quality of the inverter output waveform can be expressed by using the Fourier analysis data to calculate the total harmonic distortion (THD). The total harmonic distortion is the square root of the sum of the squares of the harmonic voltages divided by the fundamental voltage:
The quality of output waveform that is needed from an inverter depends on the characteristics of the connected load. Some loads need a nearly perfect sine wave voltage supply in order to work properly. Other loads may work quite well with a square wave voltage.
[edit] Advanced designs
H-bridge inverter circuit with transistor switches and antiparallel diodesThere are many different power circuit topologies and control strategies used in inverter designs. Different design approaches address various issues that may be more or less important depending on the way that the inverter is intended to be used.
The issue of waveform quality can be addressed in many ways. Capacitors and inductors can be used to filter the waveform. If the design includes a transformer, filtering can be applied to the primary or the secondary side of the transformer or to both sides. Low-pass filters are applied to allow the fundamental component of the waveform to pass to the output while limiting the passage of the harmonic components. If the inverter is designed to provide power at a fixed frequency, a resonant filter can be used. For an adjustable frequency inverter, the filter must be tuned to a frequency that is above the maximum fundamental frequency.
Since most loads contain inductance, feedback rectifiers or antiparallel diodes are often connected across each semiconductor switch to provide a path for the peak inductive load current when the switch is turned off. The antiparallel diodes are somewhat similar to the freewheeling diodes used in AC/DC converter circuits.
Fourier analysis reveals that a waveform, like a square wave, that is antisymmetrical about the 180 degree point contains only odd harmonics, the 3rd, 5th, 7th etc. Waveforms that have steps of certain widths and heights eliminate or “cancel” additional harmonics. For example, by inserting a zero-voltage step between the positive and negative sections of the square-wave, all of the harmonics that are divisible by three can be eliminated. That leaves only the 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th etc. The required width of the steps is one third of the period for each of the positive and negative steps and one sixth of the period for each of the zero-voltage steps.
Changing the square wave as described above is an example of pulse-width modulation (PWM). Modulating, or regulating the width of a square-wave pulse is often used as a method of regulating or adjusting an inverter's output voltage. When voltage control is not required, a fixed pulse width can be selected to reduce or eliminate selected harmonics. Harmonic elimination techniques are generally applied to the lowest harmonics because filtering is more effective at high frequencies than at low frequencies. Multiple pulse-width or carrier based PWM control schemes produce waveforms that are composed of many narrow pulses. The frequency represented by the number of narrow pulses per second is called the switching frequency or carrier frequency. These control schemes are often used in variable-frequency motor control inverters because they allow a wide range of output voltage and frequency adjustment while also improving the quality of the waveform.
Multilevel inverters provide another approach to harmonic cancellation. Multilevel inverters provide an output waveform that exhibits multiple steps at several voltage levels. For example, it is possible to produce a more sinusoidal wave by having split-rail direct current inputs at two voltages, or positive and negative inputs with a central ground. By connecting the inverter output terminals in sequence between the positive rail and ground, the positive rail and the negative rail, the ground rail and the negative rail, then both to the ground rail, a stepped waveform is generated at the inverter output. This is an example of a three level inverter: the two voltages and ground.[3]
[edit] Three phase inverters
3-phase inverter with wye connected loadThree-phase inverters are used for variable-frequency drive applications and for high power applications such as HVDC power transmission. A basic three-phase inverter consists of three single-phase inverter switches each connected to one of the three load terminals. For the most basic control scheme, the operation of the three switches is coordinated so that one switch operates at each 60 degree point of the fundamental output waveform. This creates a line-to-line output waveform that has six steps. The six-step waveform has a zero-voltage step between the positive and negative sections of the square-wave such that the harmonics that are multiples of three are eliminated as described above. When carrier-based PWM techniques are applied to six-step waveforms, the basic overall shape, or envelope, of the waveform is retained so that the 3rd harmonic and its multiples are cancelled.
3-phase inverter switching circuit showing 6-step switching sequence and waveform of voltage between terminals A and CTo construct inverters with higher power ratings, two six-step three-phase inverters can be connected in parallel for a higher current rating or in series for a higher voltage rating. In either case, the output waveforms are phase shifted to obtain a 12-step waveform. If additional inverters are combined, an 18-step inverter is obtained with three inverters etc. Although inverters are usually combined for the purpose of achieving increased voltage or current ratings, the quality of the waveform is improved as well.
求助翻译-光伏电站2（直译的不要）
1．逆变器
逆变器由863联合体提供国产合肥阳光电源有限公司的产品。其中200千瓦常规平板固定系统采用1台SG250K3并网逆变器，100千瓦常规平板固定系统、100千瓦单轴跟踪系统和100千瓦双轴跟踪系统分别采用1台SG100K3并网逆变器。
2.太阳能电池组件
太阳能电池组件选用单晶体硅电池组件，其工作电压为35V，开路电压约为45V。每个光伏阵列按照16块电池组件串联进行设计，其中200千瓦的并网单元配置76个光伏阵列，100千瓦固定安装单元配置36个光伏阵列，两个100千瓦的并网单元各配置36个光伏阵列，整个系统配置2944块电池组件，总功率为500.48kWp。
3.单轴跟踪系统：每日晨7时左右太阳板从平开始向东转动，转至起始位置（约朝东50度），从上午9点50分（太阳时8点40）以后开始每4分钟从东到西正转跟踪1度。到下午4点半左右（太阳时15点20）跟踪停止，这时太阳电池板在朝西终止位置（约朝西50度）。下午7点10分左右太阳电池板从朝西终止位置反转到平
4.双轴跟踪系统：定义电池板初始位置为方位角朝南，高度角与水平夹角5度。每天早上5点10分左右太阳电池板俯仰电机从平反转到朝东起始位置，方位电机从朝南转到朝东日出位置，每天从日出时间开始跟踪，日落时间停止跟踪，夏至时约为太阳时19点06分停止，春秋分约为太阳时17点零58分，冬至约为太阳时16点零54分。方位角最大为夏至时朝东120度至朝西120度，全程240度；高度角全程为与水平夹角5度到与水平夹角76度，全程71度。当风力大于6（10.8m-13.3m/s）级且持续30秒电池板转到初始位置；风力小于4级（5.5m-7.9m/s）且持续35分钟恢复跟踪。
5.电站系统接入方式
电站上网电压为10千伏，并入距电站2公里的10千伏网，该网归属武威电力局代管的凉州区农电局管辖的农网。计量点设在电站10 千伏出线侧，关口点的电能表采用0.2级。电站升压至10千伏，以架空线路“T”接到长城变电站125新地线治沙站分支10#杆，新建10千伏架空线路约0.5公里，输出变压器容量采用630千伏安。
四、电站运营
本太阳能电站原设计年发电利用小时数为：1500小时；年发电量为：75万千瓦时。
由于对对风沙遮蔽及全日跟踪和单轴跟踪系统可靠性考虑不足，以及没有后备电源和电网不稳定等众多因素的影响，电站实际发电量未能达到设计状态。
2009年全年发电量：592MW；全年利用小时数：1184小时；每天发电利用小时数：3.94小时。
截至目前，项目还未取得国家相关电价补贴。对电站持续可靠运营带来困难。
1. Inverter
Commonwealth of inverter 863 made by the Hefei Sunlight Power Supply Co., Ltd. products. One 200 kW system uses a conventional flat-panel sets SG250K3 fixed grid inverter, 100 kW conventional plate fixation system, 100 kW and 100 kW single-axis tracking system, dual-axis tracking systems were used to a station SG100K3 grid inverter.
2. Solar cell module
Single crystal silicon solar modules use the battery components, their working voltage is 35V, the open circuit voltage of about 45V. Each photovoltaic array in accordance with the 16 cell modules in series design, in which 200 kW of grid-cell configuration of 76 photovoltaic array, installed 100 kW fixed-configuration of 36 photovoltaic cell array, two 100-kilowatt grid-cell the PV array configuration 36, the entire system configuration 2944 battery components, total power 500.48kWp.
3. Single Axis Tracking System: Daily morning around 7:00 flat solar panels starting from the east turn, go to the starting position (about 50 degrees east), from 9:50 (Sun 8:40 pm) after the start every 4 minutes to switch from east to west is tracking a degree. To 16:30 or so (the Sun 15:20) track to stop, this time in the west end location of solar panels (about 50 degrees west). 19:10 about solar panels from the west end to level the inverse
4. Dual-axis tracking system: the definition of the initial location for the solar panels facing south azimuth, elevation angle and horizontal angle of 5 degrees. Every morning around 5:10 Electric solar panels tilt to the east from the vindication of the starting position, the azimuth motor position from south to east sunrise each day starting from the sunrise time tracking, time to stop tracking the sun , the summer solstice when the sun was about 19:06 when to stop, spring and autumn when the sun is about sub-58 17:00 pm, the winter solstice when the sun is about 54 points 16:00. Maximum when the summer solstice azimuth of 120 degrees east to west 120 degrees, full 240 degrees; high angle and horizontal angle of the journey is the horizontal angle of 5 degrees to 76 degrees, 71 degrees throughout. When the wind is greater than 6 (10.8m-13.3m / s) level and 30 seconds the battery plate to the initial position; wind less than four (5.5m-7.9m / s) and lasted 35 minutes to resume tracking.
5. Power system access methods
Power line voltage of 10 kV, into the station 2 km away from the 10 kV network, the network of electric power vested in Wuwei Liangzhou hosted under the jurisdiction of the Rural Agricultural Power Authority. Measurement points located in the Power Station 10 kV side of the crossing point of the energy meter by 0.2. Step-up to 10 KV power station to overhead lines "T" received the Great Wall of Sand Station Substation 125 new branches of earth 10 # bar, the new 10 kV overhead line is about 0.5 km, the output capacity by 630 KVA transformer.
4, power station operators
In the original design of this solar power station use hours are: 1500 hours; annual power output: 75 million kwh.
Because of the shelter and all day on sandy track and consider the reliability of single-axis tracking system inadequate, and no back-up power supply and grid instability, and many other factors, the actual electricity generation power station failed to meet the design state.
The year 2009, generating capacity: 592MW; annual use hours: 1184 hours; daily electricity use hours: 3.94 hours.
Up to now, the project has not yet achieved the relevant state electricity price subsidies. Continuous and reliable operation of the station difficult.
我是光伏行业的中英文翻译，该看哪些基础书籍来更好地翻译？
我是做光伏的，其实光伏比较特别的词汇也不多，多看多了解自然就熟了，当然一些词汇的翻译可能不那么恰当，但慢慢的都会好的，举个例子，一般光伏里，翻译太阳能组件一般用solar module，但是你如果翻译成Solar Power component就不恰当了。
下面是一些专业的词汇，你可以看看，不是很全，慢慢了解就好了。
大气质量（AM）Air Mass (AM)
直射阳光光束透过大气层所通过的路程，以直射太阳光束从天顶到达海平面所通过的路程的倍数来表示。当大气压力P=1.013巴，天空无云时，海平面处的大气质量为1。在任何地点，大气质量的值可以从以下公式算出：
大气质量=
其中，P为当地的大气压力，以巴表示。
Po 等于1.013巴
θ为太阳高度角
AM1.5条件AM1.5 condition
系指在大气质量为1.5时，标定地面用太阳电池所规定的测试光源的辐照度和光谱分布（其中包括大气浑浊度、沉积水蒸气含量，臭氧含量等一组条件）。
太阳高度角 solar clevation angle
太阳光线与观测点处水平面的夹角，称为该观测点的太阳高度角。
辐照度 irradiance
系指照射到单位表面积上的辐射功率（W/m2）。
总辐照（总的太阳辐照）total irradiation (total insolation)
在一段规定的时间内，（根据具体情况而定为每小时，每天、每周、每月、每年）照射到某个倾斜表面的单位面积上的太阳辐照。
直射辐照度direct irradiance
照射到单位面积上的，来自太阳圆盘及其周围对照射点所张的圆锥半顶角为8o的天空辐射功率。
散射辐照度diffuse irradiance
除去直射太阳辐照的贡献外，来自整个天空，照射到单位面积上的辐射功率。
太阳常数solar constant
在地球的大气层外，太阳在单位时间内投射到距太阳平均日地距离处垂直于射线方向的单位面积上的全部辐射能，称为太阳常数，常用毫瓦/厘米2或瓦/米2来表示。
环境温度ambient temperature
是光伏发电器周围空气的温度。在一个通风而能避开阳光，天空和地面辐射的箱体内测量。
电池额定工作温度 nominal operating cell temperature
系指在辐照度为800Wm-2、环境气温20℃，风速Lms-1，电气开路在中午时太阳光垂直照射于敞开安装的框架，这个标准参考环境中，组件内太阳电池的平均平衡温度。
太阳电池 solar cell
通常是指将太阳光能直接转换成电能的一种器件。
硅太阳电池silicon solar cell
硅太阳电池是以硅为基体材料的太阳电池。
单晶硅太阳电池single crystalline silicon solar cell
单晶硅太阳电池是以单晶硅为基体材料的太阳电池。
非晶硅太阳电池（a—si太阳电池）amorphous silicon solar cell
用非晶硅材料及其合金制造的太阳电池称为非晶硅太阳电池，亦称无定形硅太阳电池，简称a—si太阳电池。
多晶硅太阳电池polycrystalline silicon solar cell
多晶硅太阳电池是以多晶硅为基体材料的太阳电池。
聚光太阳电池组件photovoltaic concentrator module
系指组成聚光太阳电池，方阵的中间组合体，由聚光器、太阳电池、散热器、互连引线和壳体等组成。
电池温度cell temperature
系指太阳电池中P-n结的温度。
太阳电池组件表面温度solar cell module surface temperature
系指太阳电池组件背表面的温度。
太阳电池的伏—安特性曲线the Ⅰ-Ⅴ characteristic curve of a solar cell
系指受光照的太阳电池，在不同的外电路负载下，流入负载的电流Ⅰ和电池端电压V的关系曲线。
太阳电池的工作温度 operating temperature of solar cell
系指太阳电池在工作状态下，p—n结的温度。组件表面温度module surface temperature组件背部表面的平均温度。
组件，太阳电池组件module, solar cell module
系指具有环境保护及内部联结的，结构完整而最小的太阳电池组合装置。
组件额定电压nominal module voltage
在太阳光伏能源系统中组件对蓄电池的额定充电电压。
组件效率module efficiency
按组件外形（尺寸）面积所计算的效率。
组件实际效率pnactical module efficiency
按组件中所有单体电池几何面积之和计算得到的效率。
短路电流（Isc）short – circuit current
在某个特定的温度和辐照度条件下，光伏发电器在短路情况下的输出电流。
开路电压（Voc）open –circuit voltage
在某个特定的温度和辐照度条件下，光伏发电器在空载（开路）情况下的端电压。
额定功率rated power
在规定的工作条件下，光伏发电器在额定电压下所规定的功率输出。
额定电压rated voltage
在规定的工作条件下，当光伏发电器设计在最大功率附近时，所规定的输出电压。
额定电流rated current
在规定的工作条件下，光伏发电器在额定电压下所规定的电流。
地面太阳电池方阵terrestrial solar cell array
系指工作在地球大气层内的太阳电池方阵。
电流温度系数current temperature coefficient
系指在1000W/㎡的试验条件下，被测太阳电池温度每变化1℃，太阳电池短路电流的变化值。
电压温度系数voltage temperature coefficient
系指在1000W/㎡的试验条件下，被测太阳电池温度每变化1℃，太阳电池开路电压的变化值。
方阵的实际效率practical efficiency of a solar array
系指方阵输出的电功率，与太阳光垂直入射到一个面积上的光功率的百分比，这个面积等于方阵所有单体电池几何面积的总和。
电站utility(electric)
是一种专门负责供电系统的安装、运行及维护的机构。
变换器(逆变器)inverter
将太阳电池的直接电变换成交流电的一种装置，以适用于某些电器的正常工作。
功率调节器power conditioning unit
在太阳光伏能源系统中，为了稳定母线电压用于调节太阳电池方针或母线输出功率的装置。
充电控制器charge controller
按预定方式给某电池组充电，并根据蓄电池的荷电程度及时改变充电速率，防止过充电的控制装置。
直流/交流电压上（下）变换器D.C/A..C up(down) converter
系指把直流电变换成交流电，并升高（降低）电压的设备。
最大功率点maximum power point
受光照的电池在确定的伏----安特性曲线上有最大功率输出的工作点，称为最大功率点亦称最佳工作点。
最佳负载optimum load
使受光照的电池工作在最大功率点的负载，称为最佳负载。
最佳工作电压optimum operating voltage
受光照的电池在伏---安特性曲线上最大功率点所对应的电压称为最佳工作电压，通常用Vm表示。
最佳工作电流optimum operating current
受光照的电池在伏——安特性曲线上最大功率点所对应的电流，称为最佳工作电流，通常用Im。
转换效率conversion efficiency
在规定的测试条件下，最大输出电功率与辐照度，太阳电池面积的比值，以百分比表示。
最大功率maximum power
在电流——电压特性上，电流电压乘积取最大值处的功率
方阵场array field
在某个指定系统内发电的全部太阳电池方阵的总和。
方阵的重量比功率weight to power ratio of a solar array
系指方阵输出的电功率与方阵总重量之比，单位为瓦/公斤。
方阵的面积比功率area to power ratio of a solar array
系指方阵输出的电功率与方阵总面积之比，称为方阵的面积比功率，单位为瓦/米2
方阵的面积利用率area utilization of a solar array
系指所用单体电池几何面积的总和与方阵总面积的百分比。
太阳电池方阵solar cell array
由若干个太阳电池组件或子方阵（组合板）在机械和电气上按一定方式组装在一起并具有固定的支撑结构（地基除外）而构成的直流发电单元，需要时，还可以有太阳跟踪器。温度控制器等部件组成的直流发电单元。
太阳电池组合板solar cell panel
由若干个太阳电池组件按一定方式组装在一起的组合单元，它是太阳电池方阵的一部分，太阳电池组合板亦称太阳电池子方阵，它作为方阵大一个安装单元而设计，输出的电能是方阵总输出的一部分。
最大功率跟踪器maximum power tracking
系指用于使光伏太阳能源系统获得最大功率的一种太阳跟踪器。
太阳跟踪控制器sun – tracking controller
使太阳电池方阵按规定要求对准太阳的一种装置叫太阳跟踪控制器。
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